Proper adjustment of the binder pH in both systems is necessary to maximize coating performance.Pigment carbon black
  In waterborne coatings, electrostatic pigment stabilization is important. A mutual repulsion of pigment particles results from equally charged surfaces. To achieve this, the pigment surface is coated with ionic wetting and dispersing agents, or non-ionic agents with segments of different polarity. The choice of ionic or non-ionic additives depends on the properties of the pigment selected (Figure 1, p. 22). Furthermore, in waterborne dispersions, where the binder exists as polymer lattices (binder in micelle), there is almost no interaction between binder and pigment surface, so pigment dispersion must be assured by wetting and dispersing agents. In waterborne coatings, use of dispersing additives has always been essential, with concentration typically recommended in the range of 0.5 - 2 mg per m2/g particle surface area. However, a recent advancement by XINYUAN in the area of dry carbon black pigment dispersions eliminates the need to use wetting additives and will be discussed.carbon black pigment